Topic Summary of the Dissertation
　

(Note: It is for the book published (can be purchased from Bookstore, etc.). For short, I provide several points:

(1) Progress in the project: Short simulation time, Accuracy of the model, Evaluation based on the deformed nets! (This summary was written before 1995 and was unchanged).
(2) I managed to reduce the simulation calculation time for a shaping rolling pass from about 100 hours to 5.5 minutes (many people think it impossible)! In the full model I reduced calculation time to about 20 hours; in the simplified model I introduced Machine Learning so I reduced simulation time to 5.5 minutes! After graduation I was hired to USA but the Institute continued to study my Simplified Model, the primary worker was now SMS' Level 2 expert!
(In early 90s a work station equiv. to 30 PCs had only 256 MB in hard disk! SMS was a merge from word's No. 1 and No. 2 largest companies in the field; my former employer Morgan/Siemens was small but strong: The high-speed mill was produced in Morgan and then shipped to SMS; We in college learnt a chapter on Morgan's StelMor process).
(3) Very accurate model + Short simulation time makes the method useful for plants to save 70% rolling test! (many years later some plants told me that according to German SMS, FEM can be used to determine the rolled shape; I said I told the German to do so! As I was in Germany we held a meeting every 2 weeks with SMS, and a boss who led three technical dept. of the SMS told me that they were using my technology right after my first population!)
(4) Experiment verification of the simulating results is another point! My rolling experiments require 6 passes but the nets in the surface can max. be evaluated only after 3 passes of hot rolling! I did it in a special way!
(I also simulated shaping process with liquid core! The earliest research in the world by SMS was done in my group! Today people produce Car Body with liquid Metal, such as in Tesla)!

 1.       The finite element method finds today more and more applications in the simulation, planning and optimization of metal forming processes. This is due to the high demand on product quality and low production costs in the steel industry, as well as the rapid advances in the performance of hard- and software computers and the simultaneously dramatic fall in prices of the hardware. Few studies however, exist which adequately apply this method to complicated shape rolling due to the numerous difficulties involved. The aim of this work is to investigate, based on experimental results of force and power requirements and the local material flow of the angle steel rolling, the performance capability of FEM and the possibilities of its practical application to metal forming processes, especially in shape rolling processes.

 2.        During shape rolling, there exists a complicated distribution of local forming parameters in the roll gap. This results from the different roll diameters and uneven reduction over the section width, as well as the occurrence of inclination of the rolling path against the roll axis. With an increase in the inclination angle, the portion of indirect rolling force grows larger, and as a result, the spread increases. The distribution of normal and tangential stresses at the interface of the workpiece/roll also gets very intricate during rolling. A lateral flow of material exists from where the reduction is larger towards the zone with relative less reduction.

            The empirical calculation of the rolling force and rolling torque of shape rolling can be done according to the dependence of deforming resistance K_wm/K_fm and lever arm coefficient l on the area coefficient A_d/A_m (ratio of deformation zone area to mean cross section area). The area of deformation zone can be determined using various methods, such as the slab model. In the slab model method, the width of a section is at first separated into a number of portions. For each portion a partial area of deformation zone can be calculated just like in flat rolling. The sum of all partial areas gives the area of deformation. The mean temperature of the workpiece after rolling can be decided according to the heat balance of the workpiece and the roll considering the heat generated by mechanical work during the rolling.

<To Be Continued>

　

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